Rationalism - Descartes, Spinoza and Leibniz - 1731 Words

Rationalism is the principle that maintains that through reason alone we can gain at least some positive knowledge of the world. The three major rationalists, Rene Descartes, Baruch Spinoza and Gottfried Welhelm Leibniz, used this idea in order to defy skepticism and expose the true nature of reality. However, each philosopher is frequently in disagreement. The idea for ‘God’, and what constitutes substance, matter and reality are the four key structural beliefs that aid each rationalist in the forming of their arguments. Yet, it is these four concepts and the arguments behind them that cause the inconsistency found in rationalism. The idea that reason can provide positive solutions to the various questions put forth is made doubtful†¦show more content†¦So, relatedly, the monad must not only exhibit properties, but contain within itself virtually or potentially all the properties it will exhibit in the future, and also contain the trace of all the properties it did exhibit in the past. In Leibnizs extraordinary phrase, found frequently in his later work, the monad is pregnant with the future and laden with the past (Monadology, p22). All these properties are folded up within the monad, and they unfold when and as they have sufficient reason to do so. (Monadology p61) The network of explanation is indivisible - to divide it would either leave some predicates without a sufficient reason, or merely separate two substances that never belonged together in the first place. Correspondingly, the monad is one, simple and indivisible. Everything we perceive around us, which is a unified being, must be a single monad. Everything else is a composite of many monads. My coffee cup, for example, is made of many monads (an infinite number, actually). In everyday life, we tend to call it a single thing only because the monads all act together. My soul, however, and the soul of every other living thing, is a single monad which controls a composite body. Leibniz thus says that at least for living things we must posit substantial forms, as the principle of the unity of certain living composites. MyShow MoreRelatedKant vs Aristotle1314 Words   |  6 Pagesthings exist. The traditions of Plato and Aristotle have been dubbed rationalism and empiricism respectively. Under these traditions many well known philosophers have formed their own theories of God, existence and the material world. Through these individual theories I will show how each fits into the category of either Rationalist or Imperialist. The Plutonian p hilosophers to be discussed will include Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibniz. And the Aristotelian philosophers will include Locke, Berkeley andRead MoreThe Influence of Rationalism on the French Revolution1509 Words   |  7 PagesBen Jorgensen Professor Wakefield English 5 3 April 2013 The Influence of Rationalism on the French Revolution What was the driving force behind the French Revolution? Many people may say it was financial, or political, and while I would agree that these things were part of the force that propelled the French Revolution, I would assert that the philosophies of the Enlightenment were the dominant force that blasted late eighteenth century France into revolution . In his article, â€Å"The FrenchRead MoreRationalism vs. Irrationalism1607 Words   |  7 PagesRationalism vs. Irrationalism Jane Evans was spending a week at the Crown Point Ward girls camp. She and her friends were laughing and enjoying the crisp night air. They giggled and talked of crushes on boys and gossiped all night about the notorious girls at school. But the fun stopped when a rat bit one of the girls. Screaming, squirming and frightened, they worried and stayed awake for the remainder of the night. Unable to sleep, they decided to go indoors, to avoid anotherRead MorePlato And Aristotle s Views On Philosophy1107 Words   |  5 PagesAristotle found their way into the rationalism era. Instead of requiring an unknown force to find true knowledge, rationalist believed that everything could be determined with inerrant reasoning. The originator of this line of thought was Rene Descartes. Some say that he is on his own level of original philosophy that the ancient philosophers are on; however, one can see with scrutiny that Aristotle was the source on a couple of his ways of thinking. Bes ides Descartes, another rationalist that followedRead MoreRationalism vs. Empiricism Essay1573 Words   |  7 PagesRationalism and empiricism were two philosophical schools in the 17th and 18th centuries, that were expressing opposite views on some subjects, including knowledge. While the debate between the rationalist and empiricist schools did not have any relationship to the study of psychology at the time, it has contributed greatly to facilitating the possibility of establishing the discipline of Psychology. This essay will describe the empiricist and rationalist debate, and will relate this debate to theRead MoreImmanuel Kant s Philosophy On Philosophy844 Words   |  4 Pagespeople to live  ¨better ¨. Rationalism related with the overview of mathematical approaches into philosophy during the period by the major rationalist figures such as Descartes, Leibniz and Spinoza developed people ´s way of thinking in many different ways. Rationalism is perspective which engage s the rational and deductive reason, an opposite structure from personal experience or teachings as the foundation of knowledge or rationalization. Therefore, the concept of rationalism relies on the knowledgeRead More Descartes Essay1269 Words   |  6 Pages In the early 17th century a philosopher named Descartes, questioned his existence. His life was dedicated to the founding of a philosophical and mathematical system in which all sciences were logical. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Descartes was born in 1596 in Touraine, France. His education consisted of attendance to a Jesuit school of La Fleche. He studied a liberal arts program that emphasized philosophy, the humanities, science, and math. He then went on to the University of Poitiers whereRead More Skepticism and the Philosophy of Language in Early Modern Thought3317 Words   |  14 Pagesearly XVIth century has been considered one of the major forces in the development of modern thought, especially as regards the discussion about the nature of knowledge and the sciences. Richard Popkin in his History of Skepticism from Erasmus to Spinoza (1979) has shown that skeptical arguments were influential in the attack against traditional scholastic conceptions of science, opening the way to the development of the new scientific method. The dispute between those who embraced skepticism andRead MoreThe Contributions Of Descartes And Hume3394 Words   |  14 PagesThe contributions of Desca rtes and Hume towards the issue of establishing: the existence of God Introduction: Arguments for and against the existence of god have been proposed by philosophers, theologians, scientists and others for thousands of years. In Philosophy, these arguments involve primarily the disciplines of Epistemology and Ontology and can be categorized as metaphysical, logical, empirical, or subjective. The epistemic arguments place different restrictions on our ability have knowledgeRead MoreChomsky s Theory Of Human Language1362 Words   |  6 PagesChomsky’s philosophy of language shows a clear influence of rationalistic ideology, for his theories reflect rationalistic ideas of a priori knowledge, manifested in innatism as well as nativism. Philosophers such as Rene Descartes, Gottfried Leibniz, Plato, Immanuel Kant, and Spinoza, greatly influence his philosophical work. Chomsky questions the remarkable speed of language acquisition, devoid of certain sorts of errors one would prima facie expect. Chomsky proposes that the language faculty is part

The Chinese Zodiac in Mandarin

The Chinese Zodiac is known as 生è‚â€" (shÄ“ngxià  o) in Mandarin Chinese. The Chinese Zodiac is based on a 12-year cycle, with each year represented by an animal. The 12-year cycle of the Chinese Zodiac is based on the traditional Chinese lunar calendar. In this calendar, the first day of the year usually falls on the second new moon after the winter solstice. On New Years day, we enter a new Chinese zodiac cycle, which follows this order: Rat - é ¼   - shÇ”Ox - 牛 - nià ºTiger - 虎 - hÇ”Rabbit - å…” - tà ¹Dragon - é ¾  - là ³ngSnake - 蛇 - shà ©Horse - é ¦ ¬ / é © ¬ - mÇŽRam - ç ¾Å  - yà ¡ngMonkey - çÅ' ´ - hà ³uChicken - 雞 / é ¸ ¡ - jÄ «Dog - ç‹â€" - gÇ’uPig - è ± ¬ / çÅ' ª - zhÃ… « As with many Chinese traditions, there is a story attached to the types of animals and the order they appear in the Chinese Zodiac. The Jade Emperor (玉皇 - Yà ¹ Huà ¡ng), according to Chinese myth, governs all of heaven and earth. He was so busy ruling the universe that he had no time to visit earth. He wished to know what the animals of earth looked like, so he invited them all to his heavenly palace for a banquet. The cat was fond of sleeping but did not want to miss the banquet, so he asked his friend the rat to be sure to wake him on the day of the banquet. The rat, however, was jealous of the cats beauty and was afraid of being judged ugly by the Jade Emperor, so he let the cat sleep. As the animals arrived in heaven, the Jade Emperor was so impressed with them that he decided to give each one their own year, arranged by the order they had arrived. The cat, of course, had missed the banquet and was furious with the rat for letting him sleep, and that is why rats and cats are enemies to this day. Qualities Of The Chinese Zodiac Signs Just the like Western zodiac, the Chinese zodiac attributes personality qualities to each of the 12 animal signs. These are often derived from observations about how animals behave and also come from the story of how the animals traveled to the Jade Emperors banquet. The dragon, for example, could have been the first to arrive at the banquet, since he could fly. But he stopped to help some villagers and then helped the rabbit on his way. So those born in the year of the dragon are described as being interested in the world and willing to give a helping hand. The rat, on the other hand, arrived at the banquet by hitching a ride on the ox. Just as the ox arrived at the palace, the rat stuck his nose forward, so was the first to arrive. Those born in the year of the rat are described as shrewd and manipulative, traits which can also be drawn from the story of the rat and the cat. Here is a brief summary of qualities associated with each sign of the Chinese zodiac: Rat - é ¼   - shÇ” forthright, generous, outgoing, loves money, hates waste Ox - 牛 - nià º calm, dependable, obstinate, reliable, proud, and can be uncompromising Tiger - 虎 - hÇ” loving, giving, optimistic, idealistic, stubborn, self-centered, emotional Rabbit - å…” - tà ¹ careful, systematic, considerate, can be indifferent, temperamental, shrewd Dragon - é ¾  - là ³ng strong, energetic, proud, confident, but can be illogical and obsessive.   Snake - 蛇 - shà © intellectual, superstitious, independent, private, cautious, suspicious Horse - é ¦ ¬ / é © ¬ - mÇŽ cheerful, lively, impulsive, manipulative, friendly, self-reliant Ram - ç ¾Å  - yà ¡ng good-natured, timid, emotional, pessimistic, mild, forgiving Monkey - çÅ' ´ - hà ³u successful, charming, crafty, can be dishonest, self-centered, inquisitive Chicken - 雞 / é ¸ ¡ - jÄ « conservative, aggressive, decisive, logical, can be overly critical Dog - ç‹â€" - gÇ’u clever, willing to help others, open-minded, practical, can be belligerent Pig - è ± ¬ / çÅ' ª - zhÃ… « brave, trustworthy, patient, diplomatic, can be hot-tempered

The Cell Phone Education Regulation Act - 872 Words

The United States Constitution charged Congress with the authority to create agencies to determine legislative laws that are enforceable across the country. The Cell Phone Education Regulation Act created by Congress has the authority to develop laws regarding cell phone use in primary schools. As legislative powers cannot be transferred or delegated, was Congress proper in authorizing the Cellular Educational Service the power to enforce certain regulations through criminal penalties to primary school students or was this a violation of improper delegation of powers? By targeting female students more than male students, was the Cellular Education Service in violation of 20 U.S.C.A  §1681 which provides that there shall be no discrimination based on sex in any educational facility? Does the school officials’ decision to keep the cell phones which are confiscated during the random searches, violate the 5th Amendment of the Constitution which guarantees that before any power or authority can take a person’s life, liberty or property, there must be constitutional safeguards set in place? Aren’t the students and their parents afforded due process under the 5th and 14th Amendments of the Constitution which provides the right to receive with ample notice and reason why the Cellular Educational Services enacted the rules and regulations that it did? In the case of New Jersey v. T.L.O., the Supreme Court ruled that students are protected by the 4th Amendment to the U.S.Show MoreRelatedThe Cell Phone Education Regulation Act963 Words   |  4 PagesCongress established of the Cellular Educational Service (CES) to oversee the creation and enforcement of the necessary rules and regulations that meet the objectives of the Cell Phone Education Regulation Act to challenge the possession and use of cellular phones by students in primary school. Through its delegated power CES set a list of requirements and regulations that asked all students to undergo searches of their outfits, bags, lockers, and desks each morning. The rules also permitted randomRead MoreGlobal Positioning Systems Gps On Cell Phones1703 Words   |  7 Pagessystems on cell phones such as finding friends, family members, maps and places to visit. Furthermore, cell phone GPS have proven useful in saving lives during emergencies. In this matter, it is important to ment ion that the United States of America Federal Communications Commission have made a E-911 application and E112 in Europe which requires cell phone companies to provide an accurate location of a cell phone user who calls for emergency help. However, the location of the cell phone user mustRead MoreNegative Effects Of Social Media1683 Words   |  7 Pagesconcert, and his home address, phone number, and demographic information from patient’s electronic health records without the patient’s consent without the consent of the patient or without clarifying anyone if it is okay then send some of these pictures to her best friend to make her jealous. Now suppose â€Å"You are the following nurse on the day shift and discover the night nurse’s phone on the bedside table. While trying to figure out to whom it belongs, you open the phone and see the photographs takenRead MoreThe Importance Of Cell Phones And Driving1053 Words   |  5 Pagesmore strict regulations in cellphone user among students, and drivers. Over years, studies have revealed that there are certain statistics of the population, teenagers and adults, by a mass of number, regarding the use of cell phones that they are no more conscious of what is going on around them. â€Å"Studies found out that more than 90 percent of students admit to using their devices for non-class activities during class times.† During class hours, students are busy texting on their phones while theRead MoreDiscovering The Relationship Between the Law and Your School Essay933 Words   |  4 Pagesadministrators will face and they must know the constitutional rights of individuals and the school. The Constitution contains the laws of the United States. Discovering the Relationship between the Law and Your School There are no references to education in the Constitution, but it does speak of the operation and management of the schools and the protection of the students’, faculty’s, and staff’s individual rights. There are many issues, both social and economic, that requires legal action. ChildrenRead MoreThe Management Plan For A New Employee1250 Words   |  5 Pagesapproach to reducing risk vulnerability of HIPPA regulations. The risk management group also assists with providing, making and training the policies, procedures and protocols. (Nurse Services Organization, 2010) Developing key policies that is easy to understand and follow but be compliant with regulations is the ultimate goal. In the risk management and analysis the company should follow steps. First is to find the purpose which is to review HIPPA regulations. Next is collecting the data which needs reviewingRead MoreThe Problem. Cyberbullying Is An Unforeseen Consequence1104 Words   |  5 Pagesdepressi on. A successful way to halt the problem of cyberbullying is to awareness, education, reporting, and rules. The Proposal Parent of children that own cellphones, tablets and computers need to be aware of what applications and websites that their children have access to. Parents as well as teachers need to pay attention to the proper use of a cell phone or tablet. If a child is allowed access to their cell phone all day, it allows them to be the target or source of cyber violence. Parents needRead MoreProject Activities And Sequencing Scenarios1689 Words   |  7 PagesScenarios Heather S. Wenick CPMGT/301 November 30, 2015 Joseph Broberg Project and Activities Sequencing Scenarios At the for profit college, the upper management is experiencing an issue with their employee’s morale. Because there are government regulations that do not allow for traditional sales bonuses be given to employees, they need to find a way to offer their employees, who do everything they can to get as many enrollments as possible (just like any other sales company), go without any type ofRead MoreThe Importance Of Video Phones883 Words   |  4 PagesMy cell phone alarm goes off at 8 am, and I grab my phone for my morning scroll. I start on Facebook and skim through the updates, only clicking on two pieces: one, Dan Rather’s posts in which he writes live updates about his road trip to Mount Rushmore with his grandson, and a Vox article about Disney’s live-action adaptation of Aladdin. After reading the latter, I switch to Chrome to look up the lead actors, finding a more detailed article in The Atlantic. After an hour of following the â€Å"bunnyRead MoreBenefits Of Smartphones On The Healthcare Setting1367 Words   |  6 Pagesprotections for individually identifiable health information held by covered entities and their business associates and gives patients an array of rights with respect to that information.† (Health Information Privacy). Although the act that was performed using a cell phone was unacceptable and against the law, mobile devices in the healthcare setting prove to have some beneficial uses. The Advantages of Smartphones in the Healthcare Setting Since 2009 there has been increase of technology use in

Effects of Online Games on Teenagers - 3176 Words

INTRODUCTION Development in technology brings many things that people dont have many years back. One of these things is online gaming that is provided by the internet. Online gaming is one of the widely used leisure activities by many people. Teenagers who are playing these online games said that they are playing these games just for fun, to keep away from the heat of the sun, without knowing that there are a lot of effects of playing these games that are more than what they think. Playing online games, according to some research is beneficial. It enables the mind of the players to be more active, especially those puzzle-based games. It helps the player to come up with decisions in tight situations, especially those adventure†¦show more content†¦The social and health problems with these games are many, for example, sleep-deprivation, and lack of hygiene and relationship failures. It is proven to cause a decrease in interpersonal relationships, family relationships, physical activity, i ncrease in eyestrain, obesity, and can even cause you to change your personality and ethics and even self-restraint. When computer games get in a students way, nothing more will be left but tired eyes, empty pockets, and piles of school and home works unattended. What makes it worse is that they get to obsessed with these trend that it evolves into a harmful vice which pushes them until they reach the point of neglecting school and cutting classes just to go to those stations and play. These youths are apparently addicted. They are destroying their future without even noticing it. Worse is, gamers are aping skills they learned on video consoles. They are likely to do what is done during the game. They are replicating the scenarios as how it appears in the game. They become violent. To make things clear, here is an excerpt from an article that I happen to browse in the internet. A large gap exists between the publics perception of video games and what the research actually shows. The following is an attempt to separate fact from fiction. 1. The availability of video games has led to an epidemic of youth violence. According to federal crime statistics, the rate of juvenile violent crime in the UnitedShow MoreRelatedEffects of Online Games on Teenagers3189 Words   |  13 Pagespeople dont have many years back. One of these things is online gaming that is provided by the internet. Online gaming is one of the widely used leisure activities by many people. Teenagers who are playing these online games said that they are playing these games just for fun, to keep away from the heat of the sun, without knowing that there are a lot of effects of playing these games that are more than what they think. Playing online games, according to some research is beneficial. It enables theRead MorePositive Effects Of Violent Video Games1161 Words   |  5 PagesViolent video games have been a popular pass time for American teenagers ever since the first ones were released. The most popular of these games are Grand Theft Auto, Call of Duty, Mortal Kombat, and Doom. It has become a popular belief that these games are directly linked to violent behaviors in our youth. Numerous scholars have set out to determine the validity of these assumptions through vast surveys and studies in America. All of these scholars share the belief that violent video games affectRead MoreEffects of Using Computers1710 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of Using Computers As the world is developing rapidly, people rely more and more on science and technology. When they define the concept of science and technology, â€Å"most people today think of silicon chips, iPods, high-definition TVs, and visual cell phones† (Wilson 320). Among those high-tech inventions, cars and cell phones are two scientific inventions that mostly affect people’s lives. For example, they can get to the destination faster or simply make a phone call to talk instead ofRead MoreEffects of Video Games on Teenage Life1442 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Video games are part of the lives of almost all teens in America, (Lenhart, Kahne, Middaugh, Macgill, Evans and Vitak). Therefore, it is important to understand what, if any, effects video games are having on teenage life. Because many video games contain violent content, imagery, and gameplay, much research on video games has focused on whether playing violent video games leads to violent or aggressive behavior in youth. There is a lot of conflicting evidence about the relationship between videoRead MoreEffects Of Violent Video Games Essay1712 Words   |  7 Pages teeneagers love video games. Though some say â€Å"it’s just a game†, that simple game could be more of an impact than people think. At the moment teenagers may not see any change in their actions and emotions while playing video games. Violent video games in specific are a huge impact on Americans teenagers. Do parents actually pay attention to the things their children say while playing violent video games? No. Violent video games affect a great amount of America’s teenagers, it causes hostility, aggressionRead MoreOnline Gaming Addiction Among Teenagers1565 Words   |  7 Pagesof the issue related with gaming The playing of online games impacts teenage gamers socially, educationally, ethically and psychologically on teenagers. This issue involves numerous stake holders. They are mainly teenagers, parents, friends, policeman, and the game company. The advantage of playing online game is that it allows people to communicate to numerous numbers of others from different cultural backgrounds and countries. In the game, a gamer may want to exchange his item with someoneRead MoreEffects of The Internet On Teenagers Essays783 Words   |  4 Pages Teenagers are the most common group of society who can get artificial by the internet. As a matter of fact, internet addiction is a common habit for teenagers which will affects their future, also can have an effect on their social behavior and their education. Teenagers are spending more time on internet with watching movies, gaming, chatting, etc. rather than doing their home work or study for their tests. In addition, another issue that has made the internet dangerous for teenagers to searchRead MoreYouth binge drinking1621 Words   |  7 Pages14-year-olds in the UK claimed to have downed at least five alcoholic drinks in a single session.† This topic is worthy of discussion as statistic suggests that a lot of young people are affected by binge drinking and therefore potentially affected by effects of it. Binge drinking is risky and youths should understand the danger of it. Firstly, how youth violence, crimes and anti-social behaviour are caused by binge drinking will be presented, and then other causes of these problems will be discussed.Read MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On Social Life1559 Words   |  7 Pagesamount of time a average student spends playing video games or socializing during the day. The data in this study about the effect of gaming on social life was obtained by examining the time usage of a 18 year old college student. A chart is provided in an attempt to study this question.The data was collected over five days, divided into three categories which are gaming, social life and work/school. Research showed that people that play video games mostly play at night instead of going out and interactingRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effects On Children866 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican teenagers use the Internet which is vastly unregulated (Lenhart). Thus, children have easy access to pornography, websites with cruel and racist content, and real-life scenes of violence. With pornography and profanity just being a Google-search away, free, and mostly without age restrictions, children tend to develop sexual curiosity at a very young age. According to Network World Inc., terms related to â€Å"sex and porn were near the top of the [search] list† not only for teenagers but even

The Rights Of Assisted Suicide - 966 Words

Dying Your Way: The Right to Choose Assisted Suicide Introduction Death has a finality to it that gives even the most cynical person a reason to pause. The possibility of death is always present, the elephant in the room. Prior to the twentieth century, before the leaps and bounds of modern medical care, people worried about the possibility of dying more often. Childhood diseases could strike and take a beloved child away at any moment, affecting two or more homes in the same community. Today children are inoculated against most of the deadly childhood diseases of the past. The average life span for a person born in 1900 was 50 years, in comparison to at least 83 years today (â€Å"Living Longer,† 2011). Society has changed the way life is lived, now it is time to change the way society dies. The practice of assisted suicide has been around as long as there have been compassionate health care givers caring for terminally ill patients. Assisted suicide is not and should not be the first option for a patient, but it should be an option: sa fe, monitored and legal. It is vital that assisted suicide becomes a legal option and available to all terminally ill patients. Public support, legal precedence, and effectiveness of fatal treatments, support the petition to ensure that assisted suicide becomes law across the U.S. Terminology The term â€Å"assisted suicide† refers to the act of killing oneself with the assistance of another person; under this term are several subcategories.Show MoreRelatedThe Right Of Assisted Suicide Essay1615 Words   |  7 PagesThe right to assisted suicide is a huge topic that worries humans all around the usa. The debates go from side to side approximately whether or not a death patient has the proper to die with the assistance of a physician. some are in opposition to it due to religious and ethical motives. Others are for it because of their compassion and respect for the dying. Physicians are also divided on the issue. They differ where they area the line that separates alleviation from death--and killing. for manyRead MoreThe Rights Of Assisted Suicide Essay1584 Words   |  7 PagesThe Right To Die With Dignity Assisted suicide is the act of committing suicide with the help of another person or doctor, most commonly referred to as Physician Assisted Suicide. It is currently legal in Oregon, Washington, Vermont, Montana, California, and Colorado. Considering the increase of people dying from terminal illnesses, assisted suicide should be legalized across the nation. People that suffer from a terminal illness that can’t be cured or treated and will result in death have the rightRead MoreThe Right to Assisted Suicide1548 Words   |  6 Pagescontemplate your options for living out the rest of your life. You wonder if you will be able to cope with losing yourself, your independence, your identity, your dignity. But what choice do you have? Euthanasia, also referred to as assisted suicide or physician assisted suicide or more commonly known as mercy killing is defined by Merriam-Webster dictionary as the act or practice of killing hopelessly sick or injured individuals (as persons or domestic animals) in a relatively painless way for reasonsRead MoreThe Rights Of Assisted Suicide1829 Words   |  8 PagesThe â€Å"right-to-die† has been controversial for a long time and is continuously in debate. Some of the arguments in favor of laws allowing individuals to choose include - Anyone coming into hospital in an emergency has the option of a DNR (do not resuscitate). People who go into comas may leave living wills instructing doctors not to use any extreme life-saving measures (this includes feeding tubes). Perhaps dying with dignity is controversial b/c it seems like a more conscious choice. People can predetermineRead MoreThe Rights Of Physician Assisted Suicide1347 Words   |  6 PagesThe Right to Die By: Antony Makhlouf Antony Makhlouf PHR 102-006 Contemporary Moral Issues Final Paper The Right to Die Physician-assisted suicide, also known as euthanasia, has been a hot topic as of late. If you do not know what this is, physician-assisted suicide is the taking of ones life. This usually occurs when a patient is in a irreversible state, and must live through a tube. With multiple cases occurring in the past, current and the more to occur the in the future, this looksRead MoreAssisted Suicide : Rights And Responsibilities1570 Words   |  7 PagesAssisted Suicide: Rights and Responsibilities A woman suffering from cancer became the first person known to die under the law on physician-assisted suicide in the state of Oregon when she took a lethal dose of drugs in March, 1998. The Oregon Death with Dignity Act passed a referendum in November, 1997, and it has been the United States only law legalizing assisted suicide since then. According to the New England Journal of Medicine, more than 4,000 doctors have approved of the assisted suicideRead MoreThe Right to Assisted Suicide Essay937 Words   |  4 Pagesrespect your elder’s wishes? It is a cruel reality we live in when ability to choose the time of our demise, especially for terminal patients, is not seen as a personal right to be acted upon, but to be shunned as a taboo. This is why assisted-suicide, the contraction of a third-party to provide the materials necessary to commit suicide, should be legalized; it would allow both terminal and permanently disabled patients an escape from the mental, emotional, ph ysical pain of useless treatments, andRead MoreAssisted Suicide : Right Or Wrong?880 Words   |  4 PagesHillard 01/14/15 Nursing Roles I Professor Rodgers Assisted Suicide: Right or Wrong? The article I selected is called Assisted Suicide: Right or Wrong? By: Claire Andre and Manuel Velasquez. This article talked about a researcher named Matthew Donnely. For over 30 years Matthew conducted research on x-rays. Matthew was diagnosed with a terminal skin cancer. During his battle with cancer he had lost his nose, his left hand, two fingers on his right hand and part of his jaw (Andre Velasquez). Matthew’sRead MoreThe Right to Die in Assisted Suicide2517 Words   |  11 PagesInitial Thoughts on Physician Assisted Suicide (February 28th, 2013) The promotion of physician assisted suicide has sparked a debate throughout the world. From my point of view, assisted suicide is doctors assist patients who could not endure the pain of diseases and are voluntarily given lethal amount of substances resulting in death. However, physician assisted suicide might be considered to be deviant in many countries currently due to the religions, laws and the negative image. AlsoRead MoreEssay The Right to Assisted Suicide2100 Words   |  9 PagesThe Right to Assisted Suicide    Recently, a terminally ill British woman lost a high-profile court battle to take her own life in a test case of whether Britain will permit assisted suicide.   Wheelchair-bound Diane Pretty, a 43-year-old mother of two, has waged a lengthy legal fight to allow her husband to kill her without being prosecuted. Pretty, who contracted motor neuron disease two years ago, which is a muscle-wasting disease, lost her bid to have an assisted suicide.   She has had

What Is Real Beauty free essay sample

To chemicals, visitations from aliens, or something equally fantastical. And secular adults are hardly immune to the power of transformational advertising. A quick look at the plethora of ads for cosmetic potions that promise to turn the middle aged into fresh-faced youngsters, and exercise devices that will transform couch potatoes into muscular athletes, confirms this. The eternal appeal of these ads can be Judged by shopping at any outlet or garage sale, where last years ab smasher, herbal panacea, and miracle cream can be picked up at a fraction of their original price, replaced by this years biceps pounder and miracle vitamin. Despite its undoubted power, transformational advertising has been infrequently used in business software marketing, though some Internet advertising has edged close to the promise of creating a new you via a web browser and E-commerce. Transformational ads are more common in the gaming and entertainment markets, though they are almost always delivered with humor and a tongue-in-cheek attitude. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Real Beauty? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is interesting to note that online games such as Ultimate and Ever Quest, which allow players to literally transform themselves into heroic adventurers or mythical beings, have been solid financial successes.

Price and Market Monopoly Market

Question: Discuss about thePrice and Marketfor Monopoly Market. Answer: Introduction The place where various goods services are exchanged among different sellers buyers is defined as the market place. The structure of a market is dependent on nature of product, customers sellers. Therefore a market is identified on the basis of few special features. Few market structures include the perfectly competitive market, the monopoly market, the monopsony the oligopoly market. Perfectly competitive market the monopoly market are two extreme cases of the market structure (Winston, 2007). In Australia super markets contribute significantly in the overall growth of the economy. There are large numbers of retail supermarket in Australia. Coles Woolworths are two supermarket giants in the Australian market. Identification of the Market Place Commodities Traded within the Market Supermarket is defined as the market place where large numbers of food items, stationary goods as well as manufacturing products are traded under the same roof. This market provides large number of alternatives to customers in comparison to other small retailers. This market also provides the facility of choosing their products according to their own preferences. In Australia Woolworth Cole are two largest super markets. These markets generally offer large numbers of grocery products varieties of packaged foods, fresh vegetables to customers. Along with these products the organisation is also popular due to its stationary products other electronic goods (Schotter, 2008). These stationary products varieties of confectionary products are also quite popular among customers. In Woolworth Cole also DVDs large numbers of magazines are sold. These two super markets have been able to create wide customer base capture wide market area. Achieving Equilibrium in the Market Market demand supply are two crucial components of any market pace. Market equilibrium is defined as the point where the demand for supply of various products are equal. Market demands supply are dependent on various factors. In case of market demand different factors include the price of the product, income of people, tastes preferences of people etc. On the other hand the supply of products is also dependent on the product price, the price of factors of production technology associated with the production process. If any of these above mentioned factors which affect the supply demand changes, it leads to the change in the Market demand supply (Parkin and Bade, 2006). With the change in the demand supply in the market, the equilibrium in the market gets disturbed. If the market diverges from the market equilibrium, then various market forces help the market in getting back to the equilibrium position. In case of super market also the same process helps in maintaining the equ ilibrium position in the market. If the demand for any product in the market increases, the price of the product automatically increases. Then customers in the market shifts to other substitute products to fulfil their demand. As a result the demand for the products decreases (Loertscher, 2008). To get back to the equilibrium position the price of the product declines this results in the increase in the demand for the product. Similarly, in case of the decrease in supply of a product the price increases at the beginning. This discourages people to purchase this product. As a result the price of the product again returns back to the original position. Market Type To identify the market in which an organisation is operating requires the recognition of the types of customers, sellers the nature of the products sold in the market. In case of Woolworth Cole these two organisations have captured large market share in the Australia. 70% market share only by two organisations express that these two organisations are operating in an oligopoly market. Some important features of the oligopoly market are few sellers large numbers of customers, price rigidity as well as entry exit barrier. In case of Woolworth Cole, these two organisations possess large market share as a result other organisations are not in a position to compete with these companies (Nicholson and Snyder, 2014). Group behaviour is also present among these companies. Due to large market power the price rigidity is also present within the market. Intervention of Government in the Market In case of an oligopoly market the intervention of government plays an important role. In oligopoly market one of the important features is the collusion or cartel. Collusion is illegal in the sense that it acts as a hindrance to other organisations to operate in the market. The intervention of the government is impetrative in order to restrict this kind of activities in the market. Government of every country prefers healthy competition within the market. The collusion within the market affects the competition in the market. Therefore the government intervention is necessary in this market. Tax Imposition on Saturated Food by the Government Introduction Externality is one of the important phenomenons in economics. Externality is defined as the consequence faced by third parties due to the activity performed by other individuals or industries. Externality can be of two types these are the positive externality negative externality. In case of positive externality, consequence faced by the third party is positive in nature this is acceptable by individuals at the same time for the economy (Lai and Lorne, 2006). On the other hand in case of the negative externality the consequence, in case of the third party is not acceptable, since it is harmful in nature. Here the impact of the imposition of tax by the government in case of the saturated food products has been explained. The externality leads to the market failure in the economy. Market failure is not desirable from the point of view of the economy the government. In this situation the government intervention is of utmost importance. The overconsumption of those food products whi ch are high level of saturated food causes negative externality in the economy. To reduce the overconsumption of these food products are essential one of the essential tool is the tax imposition by the government. Analysis of the Impact of Tax Imposition by the Government on Foods with SaturatedFat Before analysing the impact of the tax imposition by the government it is important to identify the negative impact of the consumption of the saturated food products. In Australia people consume food products which possess high saturated fat. This is resulting in obesity among people in the country (Fine, 2016). Obesity is the root cause of most of the diseases. Excess obesity disease is not desirable in the society as a whole for the economy. Since obese people become unproductive for the economy, it also reduces the productivity of the whole economy. Since obesity is the prime reason behind other diseases, therefore it has also indirect impact on the economy. Those activities which reduce the productivity of the overall economy at the same time impede the growth, leads to negative consequence for the health of the economy. Since obesity causes different diseases, therefore individuals have to spend large amount for their treatment this is a cost from the point of view of the so ciety. Another cost associated with the obesity is the low level of self esteem. People consuming foods containing high level of saturated fat are also affected by psychological conditions. All these factors affect the family members of the patient similarly. This is the responsibility of the government to tackle such situation (Chaloupka et al., 2010). One of the most important tools is the tax imposition. The analysis of the imposition of the tax on the overconsumption of foods containing saturated fat has been described below: In case of the society the negative externality is not desirable. Two important concepts in this field are the marginal social cost the marginal social benefit. Marginal cost benefit are seen from the point of view of both the individual the society. The marginal benefit of the individual is defined as the benefit accrued by the individual due to any activity performed by other individuals or industries. Similarly, the marginal cost of individual is the cost associated with any activity done by other individuals. The point, at which the marginal benefit is equal to the marginal social cost, is desired by the society. This has been depicted in the following diagram. Intersection of the Marginal benefit the cost has been defined by the point Qp. If the society consumes at this level it will result in negative externality to the society. On the other hand at this point the marginal individual cost is equal to the marginal social cost. If people in the society consumes at the level, it will be increase the negative consequence over the economy (Gillingham Sweeney, 2010). The price of the saturated food products at this point is depicted by Pp. Now it has to be seen from the above diagram the importance of the tax imposition by the government. It is essential to analyse whether the imposition of tax by the government will decline the consumption of food products which contain high level of saturated fat. If the government imposes tax on these food products, it will result in high level of marginal cost. As a consequence people have to pay more in order to purchase these food products. The imposition of tax leads to the shift in the MC curve. This will intersect the MB curve at a higher level. As a result the price of the food containing saturated fat will increase. Now the price has escalated to the level Ps. From the law of demand it is clear that if the price of any product increases the consumption of the product decreases. The impact of the tax imposition h as been depicted in the following diagram. It can be noticed from the diagram that increase in the marginal cost has discouraged people to purchase food products from the level Qp. The new point of consumption is Qs, which is less than the point Qp. This is socially acceptable since at this point the negative externality has decreased. [Source: Tucker, 2012] Therefore, it can be concluded that the tax imposition has helped the society by reducing the intensity of the negative externality. It is to be noted that the economy without the intervention of the government increases the negative externality results in the market failure. Therefore, the government intervention is necessary in order to allocate the resources in an optimal manner. Before the intervention of the government, economy was suffering from dead weight loss (Tucker, 2012). At the point of equilibrium, where the marginal social benefit is equal to the marginal social cost, the dead weight loss has been eliminated. This has been depicted in the diagram. Beside the policy of the tax imposition the other policy that government of the nation can adopt is the reduction of tax on those food items which are good for health of people of the economy. Healthy food items include variety of fruits, vegetables as well as foods which contain low level of saturated food. It has to be mentioned that the reduction of tax from these food items leads to the decline in the price of these food products (Stiglitz, 2010). It is the natural instinct of human being that they tend to purchase those products which are cheaper. If we compare the food products which contain high saturated fat the fresh vegetables other food items which contain less saturated fat, it is evident that the price of food containing less fat has decreased significantly. This will encourage people to eat those food products which are healthy in nature. it has been depicted in the following diagram. In the diagram the MC defines the marginal cost MSC describes the marginal social c ost. On the other hand the MB MSB depicts the marginal benefit the marginal social benefit. Before the taxation strategy the equilibrium point has been defined as the point where quantity is Qs. Now after the reduction of tax the marginal cost associated with the food products reduces. As a result the marginal cost shifts downward direction. The price will decrease from the price Pp. This will help in encouraging people to purchase these food products more. As a result the quantity will increase from the previous level of quantity demand (Weeden Grusky, 2014). The marginal private benefit should be equal to the marginal social benefit in order to attain the social equilibrium. With the help of government intervention through the imposition of tax on food products containing saturated fat reduction of tax from other food products which contain comparatively less fat, the negative externality could be reduced. Due to the negative externality the society suffers from deadweight los s. With the help of taxation strategy this deadweight loss could be eliminated. [Source: Weeden Grusky, 2014] Conclusion Market structure is one of the most important parts from the point of view of the economy. Since there are different kinds of structures in case of market, it is essential to identify the market structure in which an organisaition is operating. Various factors affect the demand supply of a product in a market the equilibrium position is determined with the help of the intersection of market demand supply. The divergence from the equilibrium point results in the inefficient allocation of resources. The equilibrium point is returned back with the help of the demand supply mechanism (Liski Montero, 2006). From the above discussion it could be identified that both the Woolworth Coles operate in the oligopoly market. Another important concept in the economic is the negative externality which is not desirable from the point of view of society as well as individuals. This leads to the market failure. Market failure is a serious issue in the economy. This can be avoided with the proper government strategies. These strategies include the tax related strategies. It can also be concluded that with the help of proper government strategy the overconsumption of food products which contain saturated food products beyond the acceptable level, can be reduced. References Chaloupka, F. J., Straif, K., Leon, M. E. (2010). Effectiveness of tax and price policies in tobacco control.Tobacco Control, tc-2010. Fine, B., 2016. Microeconomics. University of Chicago Press Economics Books. Gillingham, K., Sweeney, J. (2010). Market failure and the structure of externalities.Harnessing Renewable Energy in Electric Power Systems: Theory, Practice, 69-92. Lai, L.W.C. and Lorne, F., 2006. The Coase Theorem and planning for sustainable development. Town Planning Review, 77(1), pp.41-73. Liski, M., Montero, J. P. (2006). Forward trading and collusion in oligopoly.Journal of Economic Theory,131(1), 212-230. Loertscher, S. (2008). Market making oligopoly.The Journal of Industrial Economics,56(2), 263-289. Mazzeo, M. J. (2002). Product choice and oligopoly market structure.RAND Journal of Economics, 221-242. Nicholson, W. and Snyder, C., 2014. Intermediate microeconomics and its application. Nelson Education. Parkin, M. and Bade, R., 2006. Principles of microeconomics. English Language Book Society, United Kingdom. Schotter, A., 2008. Microeconomics: a modern approach. Cengage Learning. Stiglitz, J. E. (2010). Government failure vs. market failure: Principles of regulation.Government and markets: Toward a new theory of regulation, 13-51. Tucker, I. (2012).Microeconomics for today. Nelson Education. Wang, L., Mazumdar, M., Bailey, M. D., Valenzuela, J. (2007). Oligopoly models for market price of electricity under demand uncertainty and unit reliability.European Journal of Operational Research,181(3), 1309-1321. Weeden, K. A., Grusky, D. B. (2014). Inequality and market failure.American Behavioral Scientist,58(3), 473-491. Winston, C., 2007. Government failure versus market failure: Microeconomics policy research and government performance. Brookings Institution Press.